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	<title>Constitutional rights - NARSOL</title>
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	<description>National Association for Rational Sexual Offense Laws</description>
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	<title>Constitutional rights - NARSOL</title>
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		<title>NARSOL Files Federal Lawsuit Challenging Texas Deregistration for Federal Convictions</title>
		<link>https://www.narsol.org/2026/02/narsol-files-federal-lawsuit-challenging-texas-deregistration-for-federal-convictions/</link>
					<comments>https://www.narsol.org/2026/02/narsol-files-federal-lawsuit-challenging-texas-deregistration-for-federal-convictions/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[NARSOL]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 26 Feb 2026 18:37:44 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Law and Courts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Constitutional rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Texas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Texas Voices]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.narsol.org/?p=99079</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: communications@narsol.org Austin, TX – February 26, 2026 – The National Association for Rational Sexual Offense Laws (NARSOL) has filed a federal civil rights lawsuit in the Western District of Texas challenging the current deregistration process in the state <br /><a href="https://www.narsol.org/2026/02/narsol-files-federal-lawsuit-challenging-texas-deregistration-for-federal-convictions/" class="more-link btn btn-primary">Read More</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.narsol.org/2026/02/narsol-files-federal-lawsuit-challenging-texas-deregistration-for-federal-convictions/">NARSOL Files Federal Lawsuit Challenging Texas Deregistration for Federal Convictions</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.narsol.org">NARSOL</a>.</p>]]></description>
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<p><strong>Contact:</strong><br />
communications@narsol.org</p>
<p><strong>Austin, TX – February 26, 2026</strong> – The National Association for Rational Sexual Offense Laws (NARSOL) has filed a federal civil rights lawsuit in the Western District of Texas challenging the current deregistration process in the state that arbitrarily bars those convicted in federal court from deregistration.</p>
<p>The proposed class action lawsuit <em><a href="https://www.narsol.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Doc-1-Burton-et-al.-v-Martin-et-al.-COMPLAINT-02-25-2026-1-2026-cv-00440.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Burton, et al. v Martin et al</a>.</em><em>,</em> submitted on behalf of the plaintiff and all similarly situated plaintiffs in Texas, contends that the state has arbitrarily denied individuals convicted in federal court access to the same deregistration process provided by law to state-convicted registrants with substantially similar offenses.  NARSOL’s staff attorney and Texas-based attorney Courtney Vincent jointly filed the action.</p>
<p>Under the state interpretation of current Article 62.404 law, only those convicted of a sexual offense in Texas state court can deregister. Those convicted in federal court cannot.</p>
<p>According to the complaint, the state has violated constitutional provisions of the Equal Protection Clause and Due Process. In addition, the statute in question places a venue bar for the deregistration process by requiring registrants to file the deregistration action “. . . with the trial court that sentenced the person.” While those convicted in state court can do this, those with federal convictions cannot. Citing the venue restriction, the state has denied all federally convicted registrants from the deregistration process. The lawsuit argues that a restriction on venue should not be construed as a jurisdictional limitation for deregistration in state court.</p>
<p>The class action suit, represented by the plaintiff and NARSOL, is partially funded by Texas Voices for Reason and Justice, NARSOL&#8217;s Texas state affiliate. The complaint requests that the Court:</p>
<ul>
<li>Permanently enjoin Defendants from treating Article 62.404’s filing directive as a jurisdictional bar to motions filed by federally convicted registrants;</li>
<li>Declare that, to the extent Defendants continue to interpret or enforce Article 62.404 as categorically barring federally convicted registrants from accessing any judicial forum, such interpretation and enforcement violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment;</li>
<li>Declare that Defendants’ interpretation and enforcement of Article 62.404 violate the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment by creating a statutory remedy that is illusory and denying federally convicted registrants any meaningful opportunity to be heard;</li>
</ul>
<p>The National Association for Rational Sexual Offense Laws (NARSOL) is a civil rights organization dedicated to promoting evidence-based policies and constitutional protections for individuals affected by sex offense laws.</p>
<p>They will provide updates as the case progresses.</p>
<p><strong>Note to editors:</strong> Court documents and supporting materials available upon request.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Does Smith v. Doe really hurt people today?</title>
		<link>https://www.narsol.org/2025/01/does-smith-v-doe-really-hurt-people-today/</link>
					<comments>https://www.narsol.org/2025/01/does-smith-v-doe-really-hurt-people-today/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[NARSOL]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jan 2025 23:19:51 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Current Issues]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Constitutional rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Registered sex offendes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SCOTUS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Smith v. Doe]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.narsol.org/?p=97632</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>In advance of the all-advocates vigil to be held in Washington, D.C., March 3-4, this letter will be mailed to the Supreme Court. AN OPEN LETTER TO THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES (SCOTUS) Dear Chief Justice Roberts, We, the undersigned <br /><a href="https://www.narsol.org/2025/01/does-smith-v-doe-really-hurt-people-today/" class="more-link btn btn-primary">Read More</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.narsol.org/2025/01/does-smith-v-doe-really-hurt-people-today/">Does Smith v. Doe really hurt people today?</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.narsol.org">NARSOL</a>.</p>]]></description>
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<p><strong>AN OPEN LETTER TO THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES (SCOTUS)</strong></p>
<p>Dear Chief Justice Roberts,</p>
<p>We, the undersigned organizations, are writing to respectfully address the Court.</p>
<p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignright wp-image-97635" src="https://www.narsol.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/sup-ct.jpg" alt="" width="375" height="210" /></p>
<p>When the Court issued its decision on March 5, 2003, in <em>Smith v. Doe</em>, 538 U.S. 84, the lives of millions of American citizens were negatively and significantly impacted, specifically the lives of those required to register as sexual offenders as well as members of their families; and their communities were torn asunder.</p>
<p>To honor and remember the countless lives that have been damaged or destroyed as a result of this decision during the past two decades, advocates from across the nation will gather in Washington, D.C., on March 3 for a commemoration of this decision as well as the significant harm it has caused. On that day, we will gather near the steps of the Supreme Court Building starting at 11 a.m. for a vigil in order to shed light on the significant adverse effects of <em>Smith v. Doe</em>, as well as the now-disproven myth that the re-offense rate for sex-related crimes is “frightening and high” and that registration as a sex offender is “similar to membership in the Price Club.”</p>
<p><img decoding="async" class="alignleft wp-image-97636" src="https://www.narsol.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/homeless.jpg" alt="" width="363" height="204" /></p>
<p><strong>What are some of these significant adverse effects? </strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Persons required to register are <a href="https://www.qualitativecriminology.com/pub/k459p48j/release/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">underemployed or unemployed due to their registry status</a>.</li>
<li>Persons required to register <a href="https://www.americanbar.org/groups/crsj/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/human_rights_vol36_2009/spring2009/restriciting_sex_offender_residences_policy_implications/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">have very limited</a> housing opportunities because state and local jurisdictions have passed laws&#8211;and applied them retroactively&#8211;that prohibit registrants from living near schools, parks and other locations. This has, in some cases, led to <a href="https://www.studypool.com/documents/23568646/hidden-challenges-sex-offenders-legislated-into-homelessness-jill-levenson-2016" target="_blank" rel="noopener">homelessness</a> for both registrants and their families. Persons on the registry, including veterans, are often denied entry into senior care facilities.</li>
<li>Persons on the registry are often denied entry into  <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299345089_Homeless_Shelters'_Policies_on_Sex_Offenders_Is_This_Another_Collateral_Consequence" target="_blank" rel="noopener">homeless shelters</a> and <a href="https://www.narsol.org/2024/09/stop-discrimination-against-registrants-in-emergency-situations/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">emergency shelters</a>.</li>
<li>Some persons required to register who are veterans are <a href="https://www.cem.va.gov/burial_benefits/eligible.asp#:~:text=Under%2038%20U.S.C.,and%20whose%20conviction%20is%20final." target="_blank" rel="noopener">denied burial in a military cemetery</a> even though they earned that benefit by serving the nation in military service.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.cjcj.org/media/import/documents/frenzel_et_al_collateral_consequences_final_formatted.pdf"><strong>Families of registrants are significantly affected</strong></a><strong>.</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Spouses and partners are criticized for “standing by” a person on the registry.</li>
<li>Economic and housing difficulties are exacerbated by the registration status of their loved ones—which is what causes the economic and housing difficulties.</li>
<li><a href="https://assets.nationbuilder.com/resorativeactionalliance/pages/55/attachments/original/1646760589/Collateral-Damage-Family-Members-of-Registered-Sex-Offenders-Jill-Levenson.pdf?1646760589" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Children of registrants are often harassed and excluded</a> from social occasions and school friendships and groups.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>The threat of vigilante activity is part of a registrant’s daily life. </strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Persons required to register are harassed, threatened, and assaulted; their cars and homes are damaged. Vigilantes, in fact, have <a href="https://merionwest.com/2024/12/20/vigilantism-and-the-sex-offender-registry/">murdered  persons required to register solely because they  are on a sex offender registry</a>.</li>
<li>The fear of being listed on a registry contributes to individuals taking their lives rather than facing the shame of the registry. One of those individuals was a<a href="https://www.nydailynews.com/2021/09/11/maryland-judge-charged-with-child-sex-abuse-dies-by-suicide/"> state court judge in Maryland</a> who chose death rather than endure the consequences of an accusation and the significant harm that would result from being required to register.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong> How did it come to this? </strong>The words “frightening and high” quoted in <em>Smith v. </em><em>Doe</em> were used to describe the re-offense rate of persons who have been convicted of<img decoding="async" class="alignright wp-image-97639" src="https://www.narsol.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/pt-227x300.jpg" alt="" width="276" height="365" srcset="https://www.narsol.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/pt-227x300.jpg 227w, https://www.narsol.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/pt-776x1024.jpg 776w, https://www.narsol.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/pt-768x1013.jpg 768w, https://www.narsol.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/pt-1164x1536.jpg 1164w, https://www.narsol.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/pt.jpg 1213w" sizes="(max-width: 276px) 100vw, 276px" /></p>
<p>sexual crimes. The fact is those words were taken directly from an <a href="https://casetext.com/analysis/the-supreme-courts-crucial-mistake-about-sex-crime-statistics" target="_blank" rel="noopener">article published in a <em>Psychology Today</em> magazine</a>. The article did not reflect any type of research but instead was a marketing statement that was later refuted by its author.</p>
<p>This finding influenced the Court&#8217;s reasoning in several key ways:</p>
<ul>
<li>The Court used the magazine claim of a high re-offense rate to justify Alaska&#8217;s Sex Offender Registration Act (ASORNA) as <a href="https://casetext.com/case/smith-v-doe/analysis?citingPage=1&amp;sort=relevance&amp;sortCiting=date-ascending" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a necessary public safety measure</a>.</li>
<li>This claim also influenced the Court’s classification of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA) law as <a href="https://mitchellhamline.edu/sex-offense-litigation-policy/2003/06/18/smith-v-doe-u-s-2003/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">regulatory rather than punitive</a>, stripping registrants of their constitutional rights.</li>
<li>This claim was also used <a href="https://mitchellhamline.edu/sex-offense-litigation-policy/2003/06/18/smith-v-doe-u-s-2003/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">to justify the retroactive application of the registry</a>, denying registrants <em>ex post facto <a href="https://www.narsol.org/second-assertion/">protection</a>.</em></li>
<li>The “frightening and high” language has had and continues to have significant influence on later cases, having been <a href="https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1429&amp;context=concomm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cited in numerous federal and state cases</a> to uphold various sex offender laws and restrictions that punish registrants and their families.</li>
</ul>
<p>Those three horrible words — “frightening and high” — have been discredited over and over during the past 22 years. In fact, not one source can be found upholding their validity, and yet they live on. That is why on March 3, 2025, we will gather near the steps of the Supreme Court Building, and we will grieve. We will grieve for all of those whose deaths are directly linked to the registry. We will also grieve for the men, women, and children on sex offender registries today whose constitutional rights have been denied and continue to be denied. Finally, we will grieve for our nation, burdened with this blight on its history—and on its future.</p>
<p>Respectfully,</p>
<ol>
<li>Alliance for Constitutional Sex Offense Laws (ACSOL)</li>
<li>Family Safety Foundation</li>
<li>National Association for Rational Sexual Offense Laws (NARSOL)</li>
<li>Restorative Action Alliances</li>
<li>United Voices for Sex Offense Reform (UV4SOR)</li>
<li>Vivante Espero Foundation</li>
<li>Women Against Registry (WAR) and the WAR Family Foundation</li>
<li>AL: Alabama Voices</li>
<li>AK: Alaskans for Rational Sexual Offense Laws (AKRSOL)</li>
<li>AR: Arkansas Time After Time</li>
<li>AZ: Arizonans for Rational Sex Offense Laws (AZRSOL)</li>
<li>DE: Delaware Advocates for RSOL (DARSOL)</li>
<li>FL: Florida Action Committee</li>
<li>GA: Restore Georgia</li>
<li>HI: Hawaiian Voices</li>
<li>IA: Iowans Unafraid</li>
<li>IN: Indiana Voices</li>
<li>KS: Kansas CUAR</li>
<li>MA: Massachusetts Advocates for RSOL</li>
<li>MO: Missouri Advocates for RSOL</li>
<li>MD: Families Advocating Intelligent Registries (FAIR) Maryland</li>
<li>MI: Michigan Citizens for Justice</li>
<li>MN: Minnesota for our Rights</li>
<li>MS: Mississippi Advocates for RSOL</li>
<li>MT: Montana Advocates for RSOL</li>
<li>NC: North Carolina RSOL</li>
<li>NC- NARSOL-NC</li>
<li>ND: North Dakota Advocates for RSOL</li>
<li>NE: Nebraskans Unafraid</li>
<li>NM: Liberty and Justice Coalition New Mexico</li>
<li>NY: Restorative Action Alliance New York</li>
<li>OH: Ohio RSOL</li>
<li>OK: OK VOICES, INC.</li>
<li>OK: Oklahoma Reform Sex Offender Laws</li>
<li>OR: Oregon Voices</li>
<li>PA: Pennsylvania Association for Rational Sexual Offense Laws (PARSOL)</li>
<li>SC: South Carolina for Rational Sexual Offense Laws (SCRSOL)</li>
<li>SD: South Dakota Advocates for RSOL</li>
<li>TN: Tennessee Advocates for RSOL</li>
<li>TX: Texas Voices for Reason and Justice</li>
<li>VA: Safer Virginia</li>
<li>WV: West Virginia Association for Rational Sexual Offense Laws (WVRSOL)</li>
<li>WI: Wisconsin Advocates for RSOL</li>
</ol>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>Winners in Florida: First amendment rights, removal of &#8220;Sexual Predator&#8221; from driver&#8217;s licenses</title>
		<link>https://www.narsol.org/2025/01/winners-in-florida-first-amendment-rights-removal-of-sexual-predator-from-drivers-licenses/</link>
					<comments>https://www.narsol.org/2025/01/winners-in-florida-first-amendment-rights-removal-of-sexual-predator-from-drivers-licenses/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Stephen]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 12 Jan 2025 18:31:53 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Current Issues]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Constitutional rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Florida]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[License plate markings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Registered Sex Offenders]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.narsol.org/?p=97525</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>By Stephen . . . The Florida 5th District Court of Appeals struck down the state driver&#8217;s license designation of labeled Sexual Predator as compelled speech in a 2-1 decision, citing earlier wins in AL and LA over the same compelled speech <br /><a href="https://www.narsol.org/2025/01/winners-in-florida-first-amendment-rights-removal-of-sexual-predator-from-drivers-licenses/" class="more-link btn btn-primary">Read More</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.narsol.org/2025/01/winners-in-florida-first-amendment-rights-removal-of-sexual-predator-from-drivers-licenses/">Winners in Florida: First amendment rights, removal of “Sexual Predator” from driver’s licenses</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.narsol.org">NARSOL</a>.</p>]]></description>
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<p>designation of labeled Sexual Predator as compelled speech in a 2-1 decision, citing earlier wins in AL and LA over the same compelled speech issue.</p></div>
<div>
<blockquote>
<div>The designation of SEXUAL PREDATOR on a personal driver license, however, is the type of compelled speech that is a step too far as the Louisiana Supreme Court and an Alabama federal court have held. The availability of numbers, symbols, or codes in various colors and fonts, as an example, shows a lack of narrow tailoring and that the government’s compelling interest in protecting the public can be achieved without compelling speech impermissibly.</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div>While the ruling declared unconstitutional sections 322.212(5)(c) and 322.141(3)(a), Florida<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignright wp-image-97529 size-full" src="https://www.narsol.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/FSC.png" alt="" width="225" height="225" srcset="https://www.narsol.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/FSC.png 225w, https://www.narsol.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/FSC-150x150.png 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px" /></p>
<p>Statutes(2021), the ruling is stayed and held in abeyance pending an appeal to the Florida Supreme Court asking the following question:</p></div>
<blockquote>
<div>Does the requirement that a Florida driver license contain the designation SEXUAL PREDATOR for those persons within that category constitute compelled speech that is unconstitutional under the strict scrutiny test?</div>
</blockquote>
<p>The Florida Supreme Court would have to go against every finding to date, both federally and at the state level, to overturn this decision. We shall see.</p>
<div><a href="https://www.narsol.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/FL-Opinion_2022-2966.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Access the opinion here</a>.</div>
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		<title>Due Process: Another one bites the dust</title>
		<link>https://www.narsol.org/2024/02/due-process-another-one-bites-the-dust/</link>
					<comments>https://www.narsol.org/2024/02/due-process-another-one-bites-the-dust/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[a guest writer]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 05 Feb 2024 16:35:55 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Current Issues]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Constitutional rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Megan's Law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Passports]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Registered Sex Offenders]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>By Kyle . . . We are witnessing a disturbing trend in America of punishing people after they have completed their official court-imposed sentence for an offense or even before any criminal charges have been filed and a person has been convicted <br /><a href="https://www.narsol.org/2024/02/due-process-another-one-bites-the-dust/" class="more-link btn btn-primary">Read More</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.narsol.org/2024/02/due-process-another-one-bites-the-dust/">Due Process: Another one bites the dust</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.narsol.org">NARSOL</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.narsol.org%2F2024%2F02%2Fdue-process-another-one-bites-the-dust%2F&amp;linkname=Due%20Process%3A%20Another%20one%20bites%20the%20dust" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_email" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/email?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.narsol.org%2F2024%2F02%2Fdue-process-another-one-bites-the-dust%2F&amp;linkname=Due%20Process%3A%20Another%20one%20bites%20the%20dust" title="Email" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_bluesky" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/bluesky?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.narsol.org%2F2024%2F02%2Fdue-process-another-one-bites-the-dust%2F&amp;linkname=Due%20Process%3A%20Another%20one%20bites%20the%20dust" title="Bluesky" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_mastodon" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/mastodon?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.narsol.org%2F2024%2F02%2Fdue-process-another-one-bites-the-dust%2F&amp;linkname=Due%20Process%3A%20Another%20one%20bites%20the%20dust" title="Mastodon" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_google_gmail" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/google_gmail?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.narsol.org%2F2024%2F02%2Fdue-process-another-one-bites-the-dust%2F&amp;linkname=Due%20Process%3A%20Another%20one%20bites%20the%20dust" title="Gmail" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_x" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/x?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.narsol.org%2F2024%2F02%2Fdue-process-another-one-bites-the-dust%2F&amp;linkname=Due%20Process%3A%20Another%20one%20bites%20the%20dust" title="X" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_reddit" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/reddit?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.narsol.org%2F2024%2F02%2Fdue-process-another-one-bites-the-dust%2F&amp;linkname=Due%20Process%3A%20Another%20one%20bites%20the%20dust" title="Reddit" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.narsol.org%2F2024%2F02%2Fdue-process-another-one-bites-the-dust%2F&#038;title=Due%20Process%3A%20Another%20one%20bites%20the%20dust" data-a2a-url="https://www.narsol.org/2024/02/due-process-another-one-bites-the-dust/" data-a2a-title="Due Process: Another one bites the dust"></a></p><p>By Kyle . . . We are witnessing a disturbing trend in America of punishing people after they have completed their official court-imposed sentence for an offense or even before any criminal charges have been filed and a person has been convicted of a crime.</p>
<p>In the arena of sex offenses, this manifests in several ways. Indefinite civil commitment-habeas corpus anyone? Registration beyond the term of the sentence. Registration results in numerous harms which clearly constitute “punishment”: serious housing restrictions; movement restrictions; domestic <a href="https://www.narsol.org/resources/domestic-international-travel/">travel</a> restrictions, making travel for business and pleasure a nightmare; employment challenges; and now, passport markings (A Scarlet Letter) because of the International Megan’s Law in conjunction with Angel Watch. This is not only “compelled speech” (as it is for registration in general) but restricts one’s ability to travel freely internationally for business or pleasure.</p>
<p>All of this is based upon a perceived, theoretical (and very inaccurate, skewed) risk of POTENTIAL FUTURE sexual criminal offending, a la the pre-crime of the movie <em>Minority Report</em>.</p>
<p>Additionally, the U.S. Federal Government refuses to issue a passport to anyone with an outstanding federal tax debt of at least $50,000.00, this before any criminal charges have been filed or a person has been convicted of a tax crime. Again, potential future crimes. Of course, they fear the person may flee the country and never return to settle the tax debt. Fair enough, but if that is the case, then charge them, arrest them, and try them; else, leave them alone.</p>
<p>Innocent until proven guilty? Not any longer in America apparently.</p>
<p>What this really comes down to are understandings of just what constitutes unconstitutional, compelled speech and whether domestic and international travel restrictions, housing restrictions, movement restrictions, etc., aren&#8217;t actually criminal punishment rather than just civil administrative, public safety policies.</p>
<p>You could even throw in the restrictions of a former felon with no violent weapon offense being forever banned from owning guns for personal <a href="https://www.narsol.org/second-assertion/">protection</a>, in violation of the Second Amendment. We know from 35 years of data that the argument of public safety holds no water. Given that, these can be seen as nothing less than intentional, vindictive criminal punishment (restrictions of constitutional rights) beyond the terms of the sentence without due process?</p>
<p>Does placing these types of restrictions on people past the terms of their original sentence or without any legal proceedings or due process constitute “punishment” rather than just “inconvenience”? I believe it clearly does. These types of extra-legal punishments need to be litigated out of existence or legislatively abolished. Failing that, it is a sad joke to call America a free country where all citizens enjoy protected, constitutional rights.</p>
<p><em>Kyle is a person required to register on the sex offender registry in Colorado.</em></p>
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